The Holy Bible is composed of the Old Testament and New Testament. In total, a canonization of 66 books (39 and 27). The Old Testament was written in Hebrew while the New Testament was written in Greek. Most Christian groups focus on the books of the New Testament and occasionally refer to verses from the Old Testament. In most translations, names were not transliterated (as in
not keeping the sound of the name as close as possible to the original Hebrew), thus the sacred names are typically rendered as LORD, God, LORD God, or Jehovah, and Jesus. Some Bibles have up to 21 additional books, commonly called the Apocrypha.
The Scriptures, or the Ketubim haKodash (the Set-apart Writings), is composed of the Brit Rishon (the First Covenant) and the Brit Chadasha (the Renewed Covenant). All Scriptures were originally written in the Aibreet language. The Brit Rishon contains the Turah, or Torah, ('Teaching', the five books of Moses), Nebi'im ('Prophets'), and Ketubim ('Writings'). These groups of writings are frequently called the Tanakh (Turah + Nebi'im + Ketubim). The Brit Chadasha contains the Besorat Geulah (Good News of Redemption), haEegarot (The Epistles), and Chazon (Revelation). The Brit Chadasha refers to, and builds upon, the Brit Rishon. In proper translations, names are transliterated (so the spellings may differ, but the sounding should be similar), thus the sacred names are derived from YHWH (or YHUH) and YHWSO (or YHUSO) - Yahuah and Yahusha. The Apocrypha is the collection of writings that may have historical information, but are not directly quoted in the Scriptures; they are not written under the inspiration of Yahuah.
(thanks to Qahal Ha Bayit Yah for many of the details above)
Aibreet, Aibreem
All of the Scriptures were written in Picto Hebrew (early Semitic), Paleo Hebrew (middle Semitic), Square Aramaic (late Semitic), and/or Mishnaic Hebrew languages since the writers were Aibreem and the Aibreet language is the set-apart language. Check the Ancient Hebrew timeline. Many of these scrolls were transcribed into Masoretic Hebrew language (modern Semitic, which added vowel and grammar points into the manuscripts). The Brit Chadasha was originally written in the Aibreet language, then translated into Aramaic, and then again into Greek. A nice summary of the Hebrew New Testament was made by the World Christian Ministries Association. While some (or many) of the inspired writers received the gift of tongues to speak other languages, they wrote in Aibreet, for first the people of Y'shra'al (Israel) then for the other nations, the Gentiles. Sadly, those writings were destroyed or, that which survived, have been mostly lost due to time. See also the Hebrew Origins of the New Testament, WCMA has an article on the Hebrew New Testament, and James Trimm's blog on the Letter to the Hebrews.
Jeff Benner, AHRC, has a playlist of videos for the Semitic Origins of the NT (YouTube videos).
For the Shem-Tov's Hebrew Matthew, the two closest manuscripts to the original Matthew in the Aibreet language are the British Library Manuscript and Manuscript C. There are 23 known manuscripts including the St. Petersburg Manuscript, the Breslau Manuscript, lettered ones (A, B, D to F), and 14 unpublished ones. Many of these manuscripts were altered to be more similar to the Greek translation (a process called assimilation into Greek). One translation, called MattithYahu (pdf), is from the du Tillet Hebrew Manuscript (it has an excellent glossary).
Some of the books of the Brit Chadasha have Aibreet idioms, or word puns. Dr. David Bivin made a list Cataloging the New Testament's Hebraisms. These Aibreet idioms were obviously difficult to translate into Greek, and from Greek into modern languages. And here is A Commentary on the Greek New Testament which sums Greek vs. Hebrew as 'Hebrew is an action language where you don't think it through you step out and do.'
Wayne Leman and Jeff A. Benner have made a list of Ancient Hebrew Idioms.
A combined meaning of the Aibreet names of the first five books can be rendered as:
B'rasheet
Sh'moot
Wa'y'qora
B'medbayr
D'bayrim | In the beginning
these are the names
the LORD called out
in the wilderness
and these are His words | beginning
names
He called
wilderness
words | In the beginning
Names
He called
In the wilderness
Things | In the beginning
and these were the names
and he called forth
in the wilderness
these are the words | In beginning
Names
And then called
In wilderness
Words |
| El Shaddai Ministries | Hebrewresources.com | HTRI - Law and Grace (pdf) | Yahuah Is Life | The Way of the Most High (pdf) |
The word picture of the letters spelling Turah (read right to left) can be rendered as 'Revealing the highest person nailed to the cross.' Thanks to El Shaddai Ministries.
In the Aibreet text of the first two books, B'rasheet and Sh'moot, the word Turah (TURH) is spelled in 50 letter increments starting from the first 'T' sound 'taw'. Skip 49 letters, the 50th is the long 'O' sound 'waw'; the next 50th is the 'R' sound 'resh'; and then the next 50th is the 'H' sound 'hey'. So the Turah points forward toward the third book.
In the third book Wa'y'qora there is a different pattern, and for another word. Being the 'heart' of the Turah every 7th letter spells the sacred name of the Creator, YHWH, as in Yad-Hey-Waw-Hey.
In the fourth and fifth books, B'medbayr and D'bayrim, the same pattern spells the word HRUT, that is TURH backwards, in 49 letter increments. In D'bayrim the pattern starts in the fifth verse. It starts at the first 'H' sound 'hey'. So the Turah points back to the third book.
B'rasheet Sh'moot Wa'y'qora B'medbayr D'bayrim
TURH -> TURH -> YHWH <- HRUT <- HRUT
Chuck Missler made a Hidden Torah Message (video) saying this is 'a fingerprint of the Holy Spirit.' He also states all languages 'point' to Israel; east they read right to left and west they read right to left.
And it gets more interesting, The Name of Jesus Revealed in the OT from Grant R. Jeffrey Ministries. He uses the name Yeshua, which is the Aramaic form of Yahusha (in the ancient Hebrew language).
B'rasheet chapter 5 describes the plan of salvation as derived from the meanings of the names:
| Name | Meaning | Notes |
| Adaum (Adam) | man | adamah means man |
| Sheth (Seth) | appointed | Gen. 4:25, in the place of Hebel (killed by Qayin) |
| Enosh | mortal | from the root word anash |
| Qeynan (Kenan) | sorrow |
| Mahalalel | the praised god | mahalal means blessed or praise |
| Yered (Jared) | shall come down | from the verb yaradh |
| Henuk (Enoch) | teaching | first of the teachers, he was taken by Yah |
| Methushelah | his death shall bring | named to reflect the prophecy of the flood |
| Lemek | the despairing | lamentation in English |
| Nuakh (Noah) | comfort or rest | Gen. 5:29, from nacham, 'to bring relief' or 'comfort' |
Man has appointed mortal sorrow but the praised God shall come down teaching, and his death shall bring the despairing comfort.
Adapted from Chuck Missler's Genesis 5 article, originally published in 2000.
Stauros Films and Carl Gallups (PPSIMMONS) made an Amazing Relevations video of this in 2010. He presented a more detailed description:
Man was appointed as a non-recoverable being but to acquire or buy him back - to the praise of God's Glory
He (God) came down -- dedicated to the mission and initiating man's salvation
His death brought humiliation for Him . (Jesus humbled himself even unto the cross)
It also brought - our comfort and rest and salvation
Many verses of the Scriptures are written in a chiastic literary style. Jeff Benner states about 75% of the Brit Rishon is poetry at his Hebrew Parallelism (Chiasmus) The writing style is more concentric within a predetermined plan (an example of Aibreet thinking). One form is reverse parallelism or thought inversion. Check some examples at Chiamus: Introduction. This enabled priests and others to remember the writings and to communicate them through song or verse.
Like B'rasheet (Genesis) 5 above, the Scriptures as a whole describe a redemption plan:
* Earth without form - the abyss (Gen. 1:1) - the first pair items matches the last pair
* Creation (Gen. 1, 2)
* * The fall from Yahuah's image (Gen. 3)
* * Death begins, a Redeemer is promised (Gen. 3:15)
* * * Call to Abraham - a people chosen (Gen. 12)
* * * * Yahuah's people in slavery; escape to the wilderness (Ex.)
* * * * * Restoration of knowledge about Yahuah's plan His law (Ex.)
* * * * * * Yahusha introduced in the sanctuary system (Lev.)
* * * * * * * Yahuah's people in captivity for unfaithfulness (Ezek., Dan. and others)
* * * * * * * * Yahusha revealed in human flesh (Gospels)
* * * * * * * * * Heaven's greatest gift redemption through the stake!
* * * * * * * * Yahusha revealed through the Holy Spirit (Acts)
* * * * * * * Medieval persecution; church in the wilderness (Rev. 12, 13)
* * * * * * Restoration of lost truth the Reformation (Rev. 12)
* * * * * Yahusha seen in the heavenly sanctuary Judgment message (Rev. 14)
* * * * Yahuah's people threatened; forbidden to buy or sell; endurance (Rev. 13; 14:12)
* * * Call of the mighty angel; Elijah, Appeal to Yahuah's people to come out (Rev. 18)
* * Resurrection of the righteous to immortal life (1 Thess. 4)
* * Restoration; incorruptible bodies; like Yahusha's glorious body (1 Cor. 15)
* Earth desolate for 1,000 years; Satan in the abyss (Rev. 20)
* Creation of new heavens and new earth (Rev. 21)
Adapted from Chiastic Literary Stucture of the Whole Bible.
There are several free programs (such as e-Sword) that help in studying the Scriptures. I recommend starting at The Scriptures (1998) for links to download the various programs and downloads for eReaders. Other modules can be added, such as commentaries, dictionaries, and other translations. There is an excellent discussion on translations at Unlearn's Facebook page.
Consider having a printed copy of The Scriptures as eReaders and tablets work great for pdf files, but electronic devices are subject to EMP and certainly need a power source to recharge (so consider solar battery/chargers). A good printed copy will be a great comfort in the short years to come.
The Aibreet language is a deep language, and even fully understanding the Scriptures requires prayer, quiet time, and meditation. Many see there are four levels of interpretation, which has been called PaRDeS interpretation. These four levels (meanings) are called:
- P'shat (Parshat) - peh-shaht' ('simple') - understanding its plain meaning within it historical and cultural setting. Still, based on context and usage, the meaning could be figurative, symbolic, or allegorical.
- Remez - reh-mez' ('hint') - discerning another meaning to the text (an implied meaning). There could be multiple levels of meanings.
- D'rash (Derash) - deh-rahsh' ('concept') - teaching or application of the passage. This is letting the scriptures interpret itself, and not contradict any meanings.
- Sud - sood ('hidden') - understanding the hidden or secret meaning of the text. An example is Rev. 13:18, regarding the 'beast' and the number '666.'
With vowels inserted, PaRDeS means 'garden' or 'orchard,' and thus the Scriptures can been seen as a 'garden' that needs to be read to reap its spiritual food. This was adapted from HRTI's article, What Are Hebraic Roots (pdf, pages 18-20). Please also see wiki's Pardes.
A good way to understand the Scriptures is to learn the Aibreet (or eastern) mindset, which is in contrast to the Greek (or western) mindset. After all, the Aibreem wrote under both inspiration and their writings reflected the eastern culture (their lifestyle). Pierre (Rock) Eksteen wrote in 'WHY do so many believers STRUGGLE to UNDERSTAND Scripture?':
WHY is Hebrew thoughts, culture and language SO IMPORTANT?
It is the culture and language of The Almighty -- His Prophets, His Messengers, Messiah and His Disciples, and even Sha'ul (Paul).
Scripture was WRITTEN by Hebrew men from a [Hebrew] mindset, culture and perspective, yet modern western culture present believers with Scripture from a [Greek] mindset, culture and perspective.
WHAT is the difference and does it really matter?
YES IT DOES!!! We are COMMANDED by Almighty Yahuah (YHUH/YHWH) to RETURN to His ANCIENT PATHS [forsaking the modern paths of religion, tradition and doctrines of man] . . . Jer 6:16 Thus said YHUH, 'Stand in the ways and see, and ask for the old paths, where the good way is, and walk in it; and find rest for yourselves. But they said, ‘We do not walk [in it].'
In the world, past and present, there are two major types of cultures; the Hebrew (or eastern) culture and the Greek (or western) culture. Both of these cultures view their surroundings, lives, and purpose in ways which would seem foreign to the other.
[Greek thought] views the world through the mind (abstract thought). [Ancient Hebrew thought] views the world through the senses (concrete thought).
Concrete thought (Hebrew) is the expression of concepts and ideas in ways that can be seen, touched, smelled, tasted and/or heard. All five of the senses are used when speaking and hearing and writing and reading the Hebrew language. An example of this can be found in Psa 1:3; 'He is like a tree planted by streams of water, which yields its fruit in season, and whose leaf does not wither'. In this passage we have concrete words expressing abstract thoughts, such as a tree (one who is upright, righteous (guarding Torah)), streams of water (favor, blessing and cleansing), fruit (good character and works) and a unwithered leaf (blessing and prosperity).
Abstract thought (Greek) is the expression of concepts and ideas in ways that can not be seen, touched, smelled, tasted or heard.
The Greek thought is selfish and about self, whereas the Hebrew thought is selfless and NOT about self.
[Greek thought] describes objects in relation to its appearance. [Hebrew thought] describes objects in relation to its function.
Greek thought would be the following description of a common pen: 'it is black and about 6 inches long'. A Hebrew description of the pen would be related to its function such as 'I write words with it'. Notice that the Hebrew description uses the verb 'write' while the Greek description uses the adjectives 'black' and 'long'.
The [Greek culture] describes objects in relation to the object itself. The [Hebrew culture] describes objects in relation to the Hebrew himself.
As in the example of the pen above, the Greek description portrays the pen's relationship to itself by using the word 'is'. The Hebrew describes the pen in relation to himself by saying 'I write'. Because Hebrew does not describe objects in relation to itself, the Hebrew vocabulary does not have the word 'is'.
[Greek] nouns are words which refer to a person, place or thing. [Hebrew] nouns refer to the action of a person place or thing.
The Hebrews are active people and their vocabulary reflects this lifestyle. The Greek culture recognizes the words such as a knee and a gift as nouns which by themselves impart no action. But in the Hebrew vocabulary the nouns come from the same root word ??? (BRK) because they are related, not in appearance, but in action. The Hebrew word for knee is ??? (berak) and literally means 'the part of the body that bends'. The Hebrew word for a gift is ???? (berakah), meaning 'what is brought with a bent knee'. The verb from the root word is ??? (barak), meaning 'to bend the knee'. As you can see, both Hebrew verbs and nouns have action associated with them where the Greek nouns do not.
RETURN to the ANCIENT PATHS -- RETURN to The Torah (teachings, instructions, commands, laws and direction) of Yahuah and study His language of Scripture.
Am i saying that you must speak Hebrew?
NO, i am suggesting you STUDY Scripture by studying the meaning of Hebrew words, as apposed to greek (counterfeit) words.
It is a beautiful day? OR The sun gives warmth to my face
Greek abstracts OR Aibreet concretes
In brief, the Aibreet language is more 'action' and not 'thinking.' For example, in describing a pen, the Aibreet language would focus on writing; the Greek lanaguage on its description. Jeff A Benner has an article on Ancient Hebrew Thought and a playlist of videos about the Ancient Hebrew (see part 2). Brad Scott of Wildbranch.org wrote The Hebrew Mind vs. Greek Mind, hosted at messianicpublications.com.
Another example of Eastern (action) compared to Western (abstract) thought is in the Ahayran Blessing recorded in B'medbayr 6:24-26 (Numbers 6:24-26). It is transformed from abstract words to words of a more 'concrete' and action.
| RSV | The Scriptures (1998) | Jeff Benner |
The LORD bless you and keep you:
The LORD make his face to shine upon you, and be gracious to you:
The LORD lift up his countenance upon you, and give you peace. | bless you and guard you
make His face shine upon you, and show favour to you;
lift up His face upon you, and give you peace.
| YHWH will kneel before you presenting gifts and will guard you with a hedge of protection.
YHWH will illuminate the wholeness of his being toward you bringing order and he will give you comfort and sustenance.
YHWH will lift up his wholeness of being and look upon you and he will set in place all you need to be whole and complete. |
Copied from his book, Introduction to Ancient Hebrew
The Scriptures, (names in Hebrew), 2009 edition, by Institute for Scripture Research
Aramaic English New Testament(store at netzari), has many favorable reviews (YHWH, Y'shua)
Cepher, based on the KJV, claims to be the most accurate translation and transliteration (Yahuah, Yahusha), please check the Notzrim YouTube about for more details and a discount code
Hebraic Roots Bible write for a soft cover (donation), Word of Truth Publications
Hebraic-Roots Version Scriptures, translated by James S. Trimm (he succeeded in defending a copyright claim made by The Way International)
The Messianic Aleph Tav Scriptures (MATS) from William Sanford
The Messianic Prophecy Bible Project to reserve a free bible (will get frequent e-mails until scheduled to be printed Dec. 2014)
Restoration Scriptures True Name Edition, (YHWH, Yahushua), claims to be the best Hebraic translation in print (possible doctrine issues), check the Qstore
The Sacred Scriptures, Bethel Edition, based on ASV (Yahweh, Yahshua)
The Scripture of Truth, based on KJV (Yahweh, Yahshua)
Restoration Study Bible, based on the KJV (Yahweh, Yahshua) - produced by YRM
Yah Bible, The Sacred Name Version of the KJV (Yahweh, Yahshua) - produced by YRM
(check Amazon and eBay for prices on the above Scriptures)
Arabic Bible (Brit Chadasha) as a pdf (Van Dyke translation)
Ancient Roots Translinear Bible by A. Frances Werner
The Good News of Messiah (Brit Chadasha) as pdf sections, translated by Daniel Gregg
Hebraic Roots Bible, (free pdf and free e-sword version), from Hebrew and Aramaic (Yahweh, Yahshua)
Hebrew - English Bible or Hebrew - English Bible (parallel) (download bible based on JPS 1917 edition)
King James Bible, like on Facebook to download
The NET Bible (LORD, Jesus) has an online study tool and downloads
The New World Translation (Jehovah, Jesus) from the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society (JWs)
Halleluyah Scriptures or Restored Paleo Hebrew Name Scriptures, (eBook), see Notes below
The Sacred Scripture of Yahuwah (pdf) retranslates the KJV (Yahuwah, Yahushua)
There are audio versions, such as for The New World Translation (above) and Songs for Yahweh has a link for the Audio Scriptures.
Scriptures online
Hebraic Transliteration Scriptures, a bit cumbersome to navigate, but seems like a good translation, scan QR for the app
Interlinear Bible, Hebrew or Greek
King James Bible, authorized KJV
The Messianic Israel Standard Bible (Yeshua, Yahweh), revised ASV
The New World Translation (Jehovah, Jesus), 2013 edition from the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society
Peshitta Old Testament and New Testament (LORD God, Jesus), translated by Dr. George Lamsa (copyrighted 2005, Aramaic Bible Society)
Peshitta Aramaic/English Interlinear NT (LORD, Yeshua)
Restored Name KJV (YHWH, Yahushua) by the Scripture Research Association
RSB Online YRM's Restoration Study Bible Online
Sacred Scriptures, Family of Yah Edition
Eliyah has a page with The Scriptures (1998 revision), pages used with permission from ISR
Word English Bible: Messianic Edition (can download the site's html)
Young's Literal Translation (Jehovah, Jesus)
YouVersion Bible, can also download it as a tablet application
Please check the Messianic Hall of Shame for its opinion about some of the individuals below. I don't know who is behind that group and I don't agree with some of their opinions (such as toward the Institute for Scripture Research).
Halleluyah Scriptures or Restored Paleo Hebrew Name Scriptures is a copy of The Scriptures (1993), which may be free to use per its translator, Dr. Chris Koster, according to http://halleluyahscripturesreview.com. There are claims of mistreatment by Debra and Ken Allen-Wessell, who are behind the Halleluyah Scriptures Inc, 2012. See also Nazarene Space's The Hallelyuah Scriptures Piracy (blog by James S. Trimm) and Followers of Yah's We've been Duped (2013).
Lew White has two sites, Fossilized Customs (articles) and Torah Institute (shopping, some free pdfs). Lew White made a very good post as a response to the Messianic Hall of Shame. There is no longer a page to download The Besorah (full pdf) and it is likely an edited copy of The Scriptures 1993 or 1998 (thus plagiarized).
The Original Scriptures, (Yahuwah, Yahuw, 77 books), sponsored by AhabiYa that translated scrolls supposedly found in 2002 (thus likely questionable translation). See Ancient Hebrew Research Center's Word of caution. Also, check Consider This!'s Proved False (pdf).
